*The Plant Kingdom:
→The plants are eukaryotic and multicellular organisms which lack mobility.
→They are autotrophic organisms which produce their own food via photosynthesis.
→They store excess glucose as starch.
→They have cell wall which made of cellulose.
Classification of plants:
→The plant kingdom are divided into two groups: non-flowering and vascular flowering plants.
**Non-flowering plants:
→These plants do not produce flowers and seeds.
→They produce spore as the reproductive structure.
→They reproduce asexually via spores and sexually by metagenesis.
→Non-flowering plants divided into two groups: non-vascular and vascular plants.
***Non-vascular plants:
→These plants do not have vascular tissues for the transport of materials.
→They do not have true roots.
→They have root-like structure which is called rhizoid.
→Their stems and leaves are simple.
→Non-vascular plants include; liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
***Vascular non-flowering plants:
→These plants have vascular tissues for the transport of materials.
→They have true roots, stems and leaves.
→Vascular non-flowering plants include; horsetails, whisk ferns and ferns.
**Vascular flowering plants:
→These plants produce flowers and seeds.
→They have vascular tissues, roots and leaves.
→Vascular flowering plants are divided into two groups: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
***Gymnosperms:
→These plants do not have true flowers.
→They have flower-like structure which is called cone.
→They produce seeds that do not develop within an enclosed structure (without fruits).
→They are tall evergreen trees.
→They have woody stems, taproots and mostly needle-shaped leaves.
→Gymnosperms include; Ginkgo, Sequoia, Pine, Juniper, Cypress, Fir, Spruce...
***Angiosperms:
→These plants have true flowers.
→They produce seeds that develop inside a protective structure (with fruits).
→Angiosperms divided into two groups: monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
►Monocotyledons:
→They are mostly herbaceous plants.
→They have one seed-leaf, fibrous roots and leaves with parallel veins.
→Their leaves do not have a petiole.
→Monocotyledons include; Bulbous plants, Grains, Orchids, Bananas, Ginger, Pineapple, Palm trees...
►Dicotyledons:
→They are mostly woody plants.
→They have two seed-leaf, taproots and leaves with network veins.
→Their leaves have a petiole.
→Dicotyledons include; Beans, Chickpea, Lentil, Tomatoes, Spinach, Roses, Apples, Apricots...
